It is an important method of maintaining oral hygiene. it removes plaque and food debris which is stuck in between the teeth. The food which gets lodged in between teeth gets decayed and causes increase in bacteria which causes damage to the gums. There will be bleeding from gums, bad smell/halitosis.It is advised that Flossing should be done once per day before brushing. The floss length of 10 inches is taken and 3-4 inches is put in between the teeth. It is then wrapped in around the middle finger & or index finger & supported with the thumb. Then it is held tightly to make taut &it is gently moved up and down.
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Cancer involving the oral cavity is a concern to the health as this is a cause of morbidity and mortality.The oral cancer can involve the lips,cheek mucosa,bone,tongue,soft tissue below the tongue.Oral cancer can occur because of the following factors.
Chewing of tobacco,supari &paan ,bidi smoking and reverse smoking.Alcohol is a solvent which allows carcinogens to enter in the mucosa. Another etiology of oral cancer is human papilloma virus.Other factors which may contribute are chronic irritation with sharp teeth &crown,denture which are ill fitting .
There are various precancer lesions and conditions which may often progress to oral cancer.It is very important to identify these conditions at early stage so that patient is routinely checked for any progression of such lesions or their transformation into malignancy.
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The patients may face various problems due to absence of teeth such as lack of function i.e. loss of chewing function and difficulty in eating. Individuals with missing teeth and loose dentures make people shy & they try to avoid public places. Tooth loss can be due to sports injury, excessive wear or grossly carious tooth or periodontal problems.It has been seen that if jaw bone remains without teeth, it will resorb /disappear because our jaw bone needs chewing action of teeth to stimulate and keep it strong.As the time passes the patient who is without the support of teeth & bone, the face will begin to look aged.
Treatment options for replacing teeth –They can be replaced by use of crown & bridge, partial denture or full dentures.
Crown & bridge require two or more healthy teeth to serve as abutment. They are reduced in size before cementation of the bridge & hence increase the chances of cavities & endodontic treatment.Another option to replace teeth is dental implant.A dental implant is a root like artificial structure made up of titanium which is placed in the bone . After a period of osseointegration which is around 3-6 months an abutment is attached to it and over it crown is either cemented or screwed.Dental implant can replace single tooth or several teeth.
They are very conservative form of treatment as the adjacent teeth are preserved. They also help in maintaining bone structure . Dental implant like teeth transmit chewing forces to jaw bone and maintaining bone health.Dental implants are the most preferred form of treatment for missing teeth .They have high success rate (90-95%).
Implant are available in different designs, different sizes .Dental implant can replace single missing tooth provided there is adequate bone at the site. If adequate bone is not available then bone grafting can be done. Multiple teeth replacement can also be done by Implant supported prosthesis (removable/fixed), or implant supported denture.Some patient who have lower denture which is very loose,they can benefit from implant supported over-denture.
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Follow these tips to maintain oral hygiene!
MPDS (myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome) is a disorder in which the patient suffers from pain & discomfort in the Temporomandibular joint area , muscles of head, neck & shoulders, and in or around the ear when the patient chews, speaks, or while opening mouth.Usually the pain is continuous and dull in nature.Sometimes there are trigger -tender points (pain when you press/palpate).There are various factors which cause MPDS.Some of the causative factors include stress,sleep disturbances,injury , mal occlusion ,patients with parafunctional habits like grinding of teeth either day time or while sleeping.
During emotional stress because of hyper functioning of the muscles there is muscle fatigue.Teeth clenching,grinding of teeth ,habit of chewing tobacco or chewing gum can also cause muscle spasm.
Occlusal problems such as faulty restorations,missing teeth for long period can cause occlusal imbalance and changes in vertical dimension.Occlusal disharmony can cause muscle spasm and may lead to pain.
The management of MPDS includes counselling and assurance to the patient.Pharmacotherapy include-analgesic with muscle relaxant,antidepressants. Oral appliance-occlusal splints,night guard can be provided to patients who have a habit of grinding teeth at night. Identification and correction of causative factor should be done . The causative factor are corrected such as replacement of missing teeth with crown ,bridge or denture and orthodontic treatment for correction of malaligned teeth .There are few home measures which patient can practice at home such as use of moist heat or cold packs for local application for about 10 minutes. Patient is advised to eat soft diet.Extreme jaw movements are avoided.Other treatment options include TENS( Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation),low level laser therapy LLLT.
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